Varicosis is a pathological condition, the result of chronic venous insufficiency, in which the venous walls become thinner, the vein lumen is formed, and the enlargement aneurysm is formed.Visually, the veins become very swollen, blue, winding.It is manifested by a feeling of severity in the legs and their fatigue, edema of the feet and feet, night convulsions.
The causes of varicose veins
It is impossible to name a specific reason, but there are a number of factors, which can cause an increase in pressure and a decrease in vein elasticity, as well as weakening valves, as a result, varicose veins develop.
In clinical phlebology, a number of provocative factors that lead to varicose veins are distinguished:
- Work on foot or a long stand in a standing position.
- Using socks with strong elastic strips that squeeze the legs.
- Tissue weakness as a result of congenital features.
- Direction.The legs have an increased body load of the whole body.This factor is dangerous for humans whose work involves prolonged stay.
- Genetic predisposition.If the parents had varicose veins, then a child with a 70% chance will also have the development of pathology.True, risks can be reduced, avoiding their appearance.To do this, you just have to create provocative factors.With a genetic predisposition, varicose veins appear very early.
- Life.If a person is not active enough, then the risk of varicose veins increases.Flebologists call it a similar state "computer varicose".
- Hormonal dysfunctions and fetal retention.During pregnancy, varicose veins develop due to an increase in blood volume, as well as squeezing the veins that grow to the size of the uterus.In hormonal failures, progesterone production and decreased increase in estrogen synthesis, which increases blood clotting.
- Blood flow barriers.This condition occurs with the formation of blood clots, the development of tumors.
- Overweight excess weight increases the load on the legs, malnutrition of blood circulation begins, and additional pounds cause an increase in abdominal pressure, which changes blood flow.
- Diabetes.In case of illness, a high sugar rate begins to damage the vascular system, which leads to the formation of blood clots.
- Stress and nerve disorders affect blood vessels, lead to the development of varicose veins.
- Alcohol abuse.Alcohol is capable of bending the body, and with excessive consumption, blood begins, blocking veins and malnutrition of blood flow.
- Unstable food.If the body does not take vitamins C, E, P, as well as useful trace elements: blood circulation is disturbed, the blood vessel condition worsens, which leads to varicose veins.
- Frequent delay of excrement.In this case, the abdominal pressure increases, and the flow of blood in the legs worry.
- Kidney and heart pathologies.
- An overdose of medicines to increase blood clotting.
Depending on the cause of the development of the disease, 3 main stages of varicose veins can be distinguished:
- Compensation.
- Subcompensation.
- Decompensation.
Varicose veins do not apply to serious but scary pathologies with its complications.
Pay attention!If the disease occurs, then it will not pass on its own.Premature appeal to a specialist leads to serious violations, which pose a risk.
The main symptoms of varicose veins
The clinical photograph of varicose veins is not difficult, it allows a foil to quickly make a preliminary diagnosis and direct the patient to instrumental diagnosis.
Among the main signs of varicose expansion, they distinguish:
- The appearance of swelling in the leg by the end of the day, in the evening.The first symptom is among the possible, especially when wearing tight shoes.After normal break in the morning, the swelling disappears.
- The result in the foot.A person feels not only severity, but bursting in calves, especially after a day of work.A symptom most often appears in people with sitting work.If you spend the evening walks and secure a good break, the signs disappear in the morning, but in the evening they reappear.
- Strong heat in the legs, namely in calves.
- Night convulsions that reduce caviar.
- The appearance of a vascular mesh standing ("star" red blue).
- An increase in the veins in the leg (as if you rush over the skin).This feature develops one of the latter and speaks of a marked expansion of varicose veins.
The symptoms prescribed are subject to mandatory treatment than before this is done, will be the least serious complications.
Complications of varicose veins
With the appearance of varicose veins, the pathology itself will not pass, and without treatment begins to give complications.What is dangerous varicose veins and what consequences can be against the backdrop of the disease?
The complex form of varicose vein flow declares itself:
- Acute form thrombophlebitis.
- Trophic ulcer.
- Phlebotrombosis.
- Bleeding.
A progressive disease causes the development of varicathromophlebitis, and then phlebotrombosis.Such states affect the deep veins, the flow of blood in the legs does not only worry, but may stop, due to which gangrene is formed.
Diagnosis of varicose veins
At the beginning of the development of varicose veins, symptoms are usually not expressed, often leg pain and other sensations are written in fatigue.
The patient is not resolved at a doctor's visit to the doctor (when the veins begin to swell and this becomes a visible eye).
Diagnosis of varicose veins is engaged in a specialized photobologist, the diagnosis is based on a conversation with the patient, confrontation, and diagnostic data, in particular :: in particular ::
- Examination of color duplex.Makes it possible to measure speed, blood direction.Data allow you to design a blood flow map.
- Phlebography.Show the external characteristics of the veins, the work of the valves.The method is used in extreme cases.
- Diagnostic samples - allow you to determine the vein patent and valve condition.The most common division is troyanov.
- Dopplerography - a blood flow is performed on a separate vessel.
The methods described are used to diagnose superficial and deep veins.
The consequences of varicose veins in the legs
The danger is not in the varicose veins themselves, but the subsequent complications and consequences that become a true threat to human life.Consider in more detail.
Venous deficiency
This condition includes several steps of development.At the beginning of venous insufficiency, irrelevant and horizontal venous changes appear.
4 stages can be distinguished:
- Zero.There are no characteristic symptoms, only temporary swelling of the legs occurs, the veins are slightly visible.
- First.It is accompanied by a strong expansion of varicose vessels in the legs, but there are no trophic failures.
- Second.The visible appearance of the veins in the legs with a large number of joints, the feet are affected by eczema, ulcers.
- Third.A constant trophic violation that cannot be stopped with medication.
In chronic venous insufficiency, patients occur in the following symptoms:
- Itching.
- Pain
- Convulsions.
- Swelling.
- Blood stagnation and appearance of formations (varicose joints).
- Ulcers.
Thrombophlebitis
This complication is characterized by the appearance of blood clots that block vessels.Blood becomes viscous, which leads to a complication of the flow.The top of the lower leg and the bottom of the thigh is affected.Flebologist can easily determine the complication of the expressed changes:
- Redness
- Pain
- Weakness.
- Tissue seal.
With the development of thrombophlebitis, many veins are affected, including pulmonary arteries.Treatment of thrombophlebitis should be done without delay in the first symptoms, surgery is used as therapy.
In the initial stages, outpatient therapy is performed if varicose veins have not reached the lower leg.
For treatment, they use:
- Non -Sotaleoidal medicines for removing inflammation.
- Anticoagulants.
- Angioprotectors.
- Diggarts.
Trophilic ulcer
A trophic ulcer always occurs in advanced cases when blood flow is very disturbed.Characteristic signs of complication:
- Slow formation.
- Darkness of the skin in the legs, severe pigmentation.
Anyway foot damage can cause ulcers damage and rupture.If you provide first aid, then there will be no consequences and the damage will recover quickly, otherwise tissue inflammation begins, the development of bacterial infection of varying severity is possible.
For the treatment of complex trophic ulcers, an operation is performed.During treatment, experts prescribe bed rest for 2 or more weeks.As a conservative treatment, wide -acting antibiotics, regenerative medicines and local antiseptic have been prescribed.
Pulmonary artery thromboembolism
Thomboembolism is the most dangerous and often deadly consequence.This condition includes the occlusion of the pulmonary artery or its thrombotic branches from the measures that have emerged.
Key Development Risks:
- Oncology.
- Performing surgical intervention.
- Heart failure.
- Thrombophilia.
- Long lie.
Women are most often subjected to complications, development is also possible in children.You can determine the pulmonary artery thromboembolium from the following symptoms:
- Thoracic pain.
- Increased temperature.
- Tachycardia.
- Reception with blood.
- Cough.
- Breathing.
- Dyspne.
It is impossible to diagnose the disease itself, with the suspicion of thromboembolism, an urgent hospital is being hospitalized.
Treatment of Varicose veins and prevention
So far, some main types of varicose expansion treatment are used:
- Conservative treatment.The technique depends on the stage of the disease.Use medication therapy, affected vein sclerotherapy, compression treatment.
- Surgical treatment.Some types of operations are included in this method: vein radio frequencies, endovenous thermal occlusion, valari operation, and laser vein coagulation.
The essence of prevention is the maintenance of vessels in a healthy state, as well as preventing venous circulation failures.
Preventive measures are also indicated for healthy people, who, due to genetics or walking work, are likely to develop varicose veins as well as those who are already sick with varicose veins.
For the purpose of prevention, you need:
- To control body weight, with thickening to the legs, a strong load is, blood circulation and blood vessels cannot function normally.Applying diets to reduce the mass, the menu must be checked in order to be correct and complete.
- Is right to eat so that there are diet products that strengthen the vascular system and normalize blood circulation.It is necessary to include more herbal foods, bread made with thick flour.
- Perform moderate physical activity that prevents varicose veins and supports the veins of the legs in good condition.Swimming, walking, dancing is ideal.
- Wear free clothes, shoes.
- Use products in the form of ointments and creams that can saturate tissue with beneficial substances, improve blood circulation, strengthen blood vessels.
Even if varicose veins begin to develop, then prevention can significantly slow the development of the pathology, reduce the risk of complications.